notes
HOME
1. Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty: An American History (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006), 23.
THE FREEDMEN'S BUREAU
1. Marjorie H. Parker, “Some Educational Activities of the Freedmen’s Bureau,” The Journal of Negro Education 23, no. 1 (Winter 2007): 9.
2. Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty: An American History (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006), 592-593.
3. W.E.B Du Bois, “The Freedmen’s Bureau,” The Atlantic Monthly 87, no. 519 (March 1901) 360.
4. Marjorie H. Parker, “Some Educational Activities of the Freedmen’s Bureau,” The Journal of Negro Education 23, no. 1 (Winter 2007): 9.
5. W.E.B Du Bois, “The Freedmen’s Bureau,” The Atlantic Monthly 87, no. 519 (March 1901) 360.
6. “Miscellaneous Reports and Lists,” The Freedmen’s Bureau Online Published November 20, 1867 accessed February 17, 2013 http://freedmensbureau.com/washingtondc/outrages.htm.
7. “Miscellaneous Reports and Lists,” The Freedmen’s Bureau Online Published November 20, 1867 accessed February 17, 2013 http://freedmensbureau.com/washingtondc/outrages.htm.
8. W. Martin, “Special Report on the late riot at Franklin, Tennessee." The Freedmen's Bureau Online. Last modified July 19, 1867. Accessed February 20, 2013. http://freedmensbureau.com/tennessee/outrages/franklinriot.htm.
9. Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty: An American History (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006), 592-593.
10. Jeff Cannon. "Freedmen’s Bureau Reports - Hernando County, Florida." History of Pasco County, Florida. Last modified December 23, 2006. Accessed February 20, 2013. http://www.fivay.org/freedmen.html.
11. Rich Comba, Rich. "Reports of the Freedmen's Bureau in Florida." History of Pasco County, Florida. Last modified January, 1868. Accessed February 21, 2013. http://www.fivay.org/freedmen13.html.
12. A.P. Ketchum, "Reports of Conditions and Operations." The Freedmen's Bureau Online. Last modified September 1, 1865. Accessed February 11, 2013. http://freedmensbureau.com/southcarolina/scoperations4.htm.
TRAGEDIES
1. Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty: An American History (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006),556.
2 Eric Foner, Voice of Freedom:A Documentary History (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006),7-11.
3. Hollis R. Lynch, "Americans of African Ancestry" The Black Codes, Columbia University, history-world.org/black_codes.htm, accessed 15 Feb. 2013.
4. Jonathan M. Bryan, "History and Archaeology," Ku Klux Klan in the Reconstruction Era, Georgia Southern University, http://georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-694, accessed 15 Feb. 2013.
5. Keith S. Hebert, "Encyclopedia of Alabama" Ku Klux Klan in Alabama during the Reconstruction Era, University of West Georgia, http://encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-2934, accessed 17 Feb. 2013.
EXPERIENCES
Teachers
1. Robert E. Butchart, Schooling the Freed People, (North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 2010), 156.
2. Butchart, Schooling the Freed People, 121.
3-5. Butchart, Schooling the Freed People, 157.
6. Butchart, Schooling the Freed People, 1.
7-9. Butchart, Schooling the Freed People, 159-160.
10. Mary Jane Wilson, interviewed by Thelma Dunston, Negro Pioneer Teacher of Portsmouth, Virginia, Old Folks Home for Colored People in Portsmouth, Virginia.
Students
11-12. Helen W. Ludlow and M.F. Armstrong, Hampton and its Students (New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons), 1874, 79-80.
13. Helen W. Ludlow and M.F. Armstrong, Hampton and its Students, 87.
14-15. Helen W. Ludlow and M.F. Armstrong, Hampton and its Students, 92-93.
LOCATIONS
1."Freedmen's Educational Organizations" An American Antiquarian Society Online Resource, accessed February 20, 2013, http://faculty.assumption.edu/aas/intros/freededmov.htm.
2. B. Rush Plumly, "Report of the Board of Education for Freedmen." Board of Education for the Freedmen, Dept. of the Gulf, 1865. http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/civilwar/freedmen/gulf.html.
3. Mayo, A.D. " How shall the colored youth of the South be educated" New England Magazine. October 1897. Accessed February 6, 2013, http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammen/murraybib:@field(NUMBER+@band(lcrbmrptt1809)):.
4. " Water Ford School, second & Janney Streets, Waterford, Loudon, VA" memory.loc gov, accessed February 6, 2013, http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hh:4:./temp.
HIGHER EDUCATION
1.United states census bureau (1870). The ninth and tenth census of the United States for 1870-1880.Mss. schedule I Erie county Buffalo, New york. S.U.N.Y Buffalo. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/guidestloc/st20_ks.html.
2.Neil, I. Painters.”Exoduster: Migration of blacks after reconstruction” New York: Alfred A Knopf, Inc. 1976 http://www.blackpast.org/?q=aaw/kansas-freedmans-relief-association-1879-1881.
3.Taylor, Q. Rouge.”Kansas industrial and educational institution” Louisiana: Louisiana State University.1982 http://www.blackpast.org/?q=aaw/kansas-industrial-and-educational-institute-1895-1919.
4.“About Spellman University”.Spellman University.edu.Retrived from: http://www.b-sc.edu/about.html
5.“History of Barber Scotia College”. Barber Scotia College.edu.Retrieved from http://www.b-sc.edu
6."Brief History." Howard University. Accessed February 21, 2013. http://www.howard.edu/explore/history.html.
1. Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty: An American History (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006), 23.
THE FREEDMEN'S BUREAU
1. Marjorie H. Parker, “Some Educational Activities of the Freedmen’s Bureau,” The Journal of Negro Education 23, no. 1 (Winter 2007): 9.
2. Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty: An American History (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006), 592-593.
3. W.E.B Du Bois, “The Freedmen’s Bureau,” The Atlantic Monthly 87, no. 519 (March 1901) 360.
4. Marjorie H. Parker, “Some Educational Activities of the Freedmen’s Bureau,” The Journal of Negro Education 23, no. 1 (Winter 2007): 9.
5. W.E.B Du Bois, “The Freedmen’s Bureau,” The Atlantic Monthly 87, no. 519 (March 1901) 360.
6. “Miscellaneous Reports and Lists,” The Freedmen’s Bureau Online Published November 20, 1867 accessed February 17, 2013 http://freedmensbureau.com/washingtondc/outrages.htm.
7. “Miscellaneous Reports and Lists,” The Freedmen’s Bureau Online Published November 20, 1867 accessed February 17, 2013 http://freedmensbureau.com/washingtondc/outrages.htm.
8. W. Martin, “Special Report on the late riot at Franklin, Tennessee." The Freedmen's Bureau Online. Last modified July 19, 1867. Accessed February 20, 2013. http://freedmensbureau.com/tennessee/outrages/franklinriot.htm.
9. Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty: An American History (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006), 592-593.
10. Jeff Cannon. "Freedmen’s Bureau Reports - Hernando County, Florida." History of Pasco County, Florida. Last modified December 23, 2006. Accessed February 20, 2013. http://www.fivay.org/freedmen.html.
11. Rich Comba, Rich. "Reports of the Freedmen's Bureau in Florida." History of Pasco County, Florida. Last modified January, 1868. Accessed February 21, 2013. http://www.fivay.org/freedmen13.html.
12. A.P. Ketchum, "Reports of Conditions and Operations." The Freedmen's Bureau Online. Last modified September 1, 1865. Accessed February 11, 2013. http://freedmensbureau.com/southcarolina/scoperations4.htm.
TRAGEDIES
1. Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty: An American History (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006),556.
2 Eric Foner, Voice of Freedom:A Documentary History (New York: W.W. Norton, 2006),7-11.
3. Hollis R. Lynch, "Americans of African Ancestry" The Black Codes, Columbia University, history-world.org/black_codes.htm, accessed 15 Feb. 2013.
4. Jonathan M. Bryan, "History and Archaeology," Ku Klux Klan in the Reconstruction Era, Georgia Southern University, http://georgiaencyclopedia.org/nge/Article.jsp?id=h-694, accessed 15 Feb. 2013.
5. Keith S. Hebert, "Encyclopedia of Alabama" Ku Klux Klan in Alabama during the Reconstruction Era, University of West Georgia, http://encyclopediaofalabama.org/face/Article.jsp?id=h-2934, accessed 17 Feb. 2013.
EXPERIENCES
Teachers
1. Robert E. Butchart, Schooling the Freed People, (North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press, 2010), 156.
2. Butchart, Schooling the Freed People, 121.
3-5. Butchart, Schooling the Freed People, 157.
6. Butchart, Schooling the Freed People, 1.
7-9. Butchart, Schooling the Freed People, 159-160.
10. Mary Jane Wilson, interviewed by Thelma Dunston, Negro Pioneer Teacher of Portsmouth, Virginia, Old Folks Home for Colored People in Portsmouth, Virginia.
Students
11-12. Helen W. Ludlow and M.F. Armstrong, Hampton and its Students (New York: G.P. Putnam’s Sons), 1874, 79-80.
13. Helen W. Ludlow and M.F. Armstrong, Hampton and its Students, 87.
14-15. Helen W. Ludlow and M.F. Armstrong, Hampton and its Students, 92-93.
LOCATIONS
1."Freedmen's Educational Organizations" An American Antiquarian Society Online Resource, accessed February 20, 2013, http://faculty.assumption.edu/aas/intros/freededmov.htm.
2. B. Rush Plumly, "Report of the Board of Education for Freedmen." Board of Education for the Freedmen, Dept. of the Gulf, 1865. http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/timeline/civilwar/freedmen/gulf.html.
3. Mayo, A.D. " How shall the colored youth of the South be educated" New England Magazine. October 1897. Accessed February 6, 2013, http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammen/murraybib:@field(NUMBER+@band(lcrbmrptt1809)):.
4. " Water Ford School, second & Janney Streets, Waterford, Loudon, VA" memory.loc gov, accessed February 6, 2013, http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/D?hh:4:./temp.
HIGHER EDUCATION
1.United states census bureau (1870). The ninth and tenth census of the United States for 1870-1880.Mss. schedule I Erie county Buffalo, New york. S.U.N.Y Buffalo. http://www.census.gov/geo/www/guidestloc/st20_ks.html.
2.Neil, I. Painters.”Exoduster: Migration of blacks after reconstruction” New York: Alfred A Knopf, Inc. 1976 http://www.blackpast.org/?q=aaw/kansas-freedmans-relief-association-1879-1881.
3.Taylor, Q. Rouge.”Kansas industrial and educational institution” Louisiana: Louisiana State University.1982 http://www.blackpast.org/?q=aaw/kansas-industrial-and-educational-institute-1895-1919.
4.“About Spellman University”.Spellman University.edu.Retrived from: http://www.b-sc.edu/about.html
5.“History of Barber Scotia College”. Barber Scotia College.edu.Retrieved from http://www.b-sc.edu
6."Brief History." Howard University. Accessed February 21, 2013. http://www.howard.edu/explore/history.html.